Human Anatomy & Physiology (HAP)

The comic

What We Hope The Year Will Be Like

Human Body Systems · 91 panels · the same year, drawn

Or read the whole year in one scroll

91 panels · about 49 screens · it starts below

Week 1

JANUARY 19 TO 26

Read this week
Drawing, panel 1: Welcome and expectations.

First day. No syllabus read out loud. He put a question on the board, let us list what we would need to know to answer it, then told us the list was the course. Eighteen weeks of the human body, and he started with who owns one.

Panel 1Welcome and expectations · 2027-01-19
Drawing, panel 2: How to use the class website.

Website day. Where the lesson lives, where the glossary is, and which folder every kind of work goes to. The practice section is open from day two, which I did not expect.

Panel 2How to use the class website · 2027-01-20
Drawing, panel 3: Cornell notes and the 6 Rs.

Record, Reduce, Review, Reflect, Recite, Revise. He made us Reduce notes we had just taken, and it showed how much I had written down and could not say back.

Panel 3Cornell notes and the 6 Rs · 2027-01-22
Drawing, panel 4: Lab safety and how to submit.

Safety, and not as a formality. Protective equipment, then finding the hazard and first aid sections on a real chemical before anyone touched anything.

Panel 4Lab safety and how to submit · 2027-01-25
Drawing, panel 5: WebXam pretest and goal setting.

The WebXam pretest in week one, cold. Mine was low. Everyone's was. Then we each wrote one habit down, and mine is fifteen minutes a night.

Panel 5WebXam pretest and goal setting · 2027-01-26

Week 2

JANUARY 28 TO FEBRUARY 3

Read this week
Drawing, panel 6: Bioethics: who owns a body?.

First day and we went straight into it. Should medical students learn anatomy on donated human bodies, or only on simulations?

MR. MENDOZA

This whole year runs on real bodies and real data. That is why the ethics question comes first.

Panel 6Bioethics: who owns a body? · 2027-01-28
Drawing, panel 7: Anatomy vs physiology, homeostasis.

Anatomy is structure, physiology is function. Then homeostasis, which is the body holding itself steady, and the negative feedback loop that does it: stimulus, sensor, control, effector.

Panel 7Anatomy vs physiology, homeostasis · 2027-01-29
Drawing, panel 8: Lab notebook and safety practical.

Notebook setup and the safety practical. Sections for objective, data, analysis, reflection, and page one dated.

MR. MENDOZA

Knowing where the eyewash is on a diagram is not the same as knowing where it is when something has gone wrong.

Panel 8Lab notebook and safety practical · 2027-02-01
Drawing, panel 9: Anatomical directional terms.

Superior and inferior, anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, proximal and distal. Paired terms, always relative to anatomical position.

MR. MENDOZA

Above the knee depends on how the patient is lying. Proximal to the knee means the same thing every time.

Panel 9Anatomical directional terms · 2027-02-03
Drawing, panel 10: Submit launch evidence.

First packet: homeostasis loop, safety checklist, directional terms, all checked against the rubric for dating and labels. Undated work does not count, which sounds harsh and is exactly how a real chart works.

Panel 10Submit launch evidence
Drawing, panel 11: Why I am here.

I want to be a nurse. Not a doctor, a nurse, and I am tired of people treating that like the smaller version of the same wish. The nurse is the one who is actually in the room.

Panel 11Why I am here

Week 3

FEBRUARY 4 TO 10

Read this week
Drawing, panel 12: Bioethics: imaging and privacy.

Should a hospital use real patient scans to teach students without asking permission again? The scan was taken for care. Teaching is a different purpose.

Panel 12Bioethics: imaging and privacy · 2027-02-04
Drawing, panel 13: Body planes and cavities.

Sagittal, frontal, transverse. Then the dorsal and ventral cavities and what lives in each.

Panel 13Body planes and cavities · 2027-02-05
Drawing, panel 14: Tissue types and body-organization model.

Four tissue types, and every organ we will meet this semester is some arrangement of them. Build the model once and you stop memorizing lists.

Panel 14Tissue types and body-organization model · 2027-02-09
Drawing, panel 15: Patient anatomy map.

First time we applied the vocabulary to a person. A patient scenario with an injury site, and we had to mark the body region, the cavity, and the plane that best describe where it is.

Panel 15Patient anatomy map · 2027-02-10
Drawing, panel 16: Submit organization evidence.

Planes diagram, organization model, patient map. I was missing labels on the model photo and had to redo the picture, which is a two-minute problem that becomes a zero if you do not check.

Panel 16Submit organization evidence

Week 4

FEBRUARY 11 TO 18

Read this week
Drawing, panel 17: Bioethics: bone donation and 3D parts.

When bone graft material is scarce, who gets it first? We had to name an actual allocation rule and then defend it, which is harder than saying it should be fair.

Panel 17Bioethics: bone donation and 3D parts · 2027-02-11
Drawing, panel 18: Bone cells and bone structure.

Osteoblasts build, osteoclasts break down, osteocytes maintain. Bone is not a rock, it is a tissue being continuously demolished and rebuilt by three cell types that have to stay in balance.

Panel 18Bone cells and bone structure
Drawing, panel 19: Fracture analysis lab.

X-rays and fracture models. Greenstick, transverse, comminuted, spiral. We had to classify each break, name the nearest joint type, and describe the position using the directional terms from week one.

CLASSMATE

The bone recorded how it was broken. You are reading an event that already happened.

Panel 19Fracture analysis lab · 2027-02-17
Drawing, panel 20: Bone repair and repair tech.

Four stages of healing: hematoma, soft callus, hard callus, remodeling. Then matching each stage to the bone cells doing the work, which ties straight back to Tuesday.

Panel 20Bone repair and repair tech · 2027-02-18
Drawing, panel 21: Submit skeletal evidence.

Bone cell chart, fracture table, repair CER.

Panel 21Submit skeletal evidence

Week 5

FEBRUARY 19 TO 24

Read this week
Drawing, panel 22: Bioethics: performance enhancement.

Should athletes be allowed drugs that build muscle faster? I said no and got asked why training at altitude is fine but a drug is not, since both are deliberate manipulation of physiology.

Panel 22Bioethics: performance enhancement · 2027-02-19
Drawing, panel 23: Sarcomere and contraction.

The sarcomere. Actin and myosin, Z-lines, A-band, I-band, and the sliding filament model.

Panel 23Sarcomere and contraction
Drawing, panel 24: Maniken muscle build.

This is the one people told me about. You roll actual clay muscles and place them on a skeleton model, in anatomical order, from origin to insertion.

PARTNER

That muscle is on backwards. The action you just described would be impossible.

Panel 24Maniken muscle build · 2027-02-23
Drawing, panel 25: Muscle action analysis.

Agonist, antagonist, synergist. Nothing in the body moves by one muscle contracting. One pulls, one resists, others stabilize, and the resistance is what makes the movement controlled instead of a spasm.

Panel 25Muscle action analysis · 2027-02-24
Drawing, panel 26: Submit muscle evidence.

Sarcomere diagram, Maniken photos, muscle pair analysis. The packet works across scales, from filaments sliding to a whole joint moving, which is the point of the week.

Panel 26Submit muscle evidence

Week 6

FEBRUARY 25 TO MARCH 2

Read this week
Drawing, panel 27: Bioethics: wearable data privacy.

Should an employer be allowed to see the data from a wellness wearable they paid for? The wearable is a gift with a sensor in it.

Panel 27Bioethics: wearable data privacy · 2027-02-25
Drawing, panel 28: Muscle fatigue and EMG basics.

Electromyography. Muscles produce a measurable electrical signal when they fire, and as they fatigue the signal changes in a predictable way.

Panel 28Muscle fatigue and EMG basics
Drawing, panel 29: Sensor and range-of-motion lab.

Real sensors, real numbers, units on everything. The EMG signal in millivolts, grip force in newtons, joint angle in degrees, multiple trials.

ME

We were measuring our own setup, not the muscle. Start over and seat it the same way each time.

Panel 29Sensor and range-of-motion lab · 2027-03-01
Drawing, panel 30: Kinesiology data analysis.

Graph of force or angle against trial number, then a CER claiming what the trend shows about fatigue.

Panel 30Kinesiology data analysis · 2027-03-02
Drawing, panel 31: Submit motion-data evidence.

Raw table, labeled graph, fatigue CER, and a limitations line about the sensor placement problem.

Panel 31Submit motion-data evidence
Drawing, panel 32: HOSA meeting.

First real HOSA meeting. We are choosing competitive events and I am looking at the one on medical terminology, partly because the vocabulary overlaps almost exactly with what this class is already making me learn.

Panel 32HOSA meeting

Week 7

MARCH 3 TO 8

Read this week
Drawing, panel 33: Bioethics: access to rehab.

Should insurance be allowed to cap the number of rehabilitation sessions a patient gets? The cap is not a medical judgment, it is a budget, and it lands on the person who needs the most.

Panel 33Bioethics: access to rehab · 2027-03-03
Drawing, panel 34: Empathy and patient data.

We were given a patient record and had to annotate it for diagnosis, limits, and goals. The goals column is the one that changed the week.

Panel 34Empathy and patient data
Drawing, panel 35: Rehabilitation plan project.

Teams building an actual week-by-week rehabilitation plan: two exercises, one assistive device, and a timeline.

TEAMMATE

A plan the patient abandons in week two is worse than a slower plan they finish.

Panel 35Rehabilitation plan project · 2027-03-05
Drawing, panel 36: Plan revision and rationale.

Peer review, then revision with the changes documented. We had to show at least two specific changes we made because of feedback, and why.

Panel 36Plan revision and rationale · 2027-03-08
Drawing, panel 37: Submit rehab evidence.

Empathy notes, original plan, revised plan, rationale. This is the first packet where the artifact is a plan for a person rather than a measurement of a thing.

Panel 37Submit rehab evidence

Week 8

MARCH 9 TO 12

Read this week
Drawing, panel 38: Bioethics: brain data and consent.

Should brain scan data be usable for anything beyond the reason it was collected? A brain scan is closer to a person than most medical data.

Panel 38Bioethics: brain data and consent · 2027-03-09
Drawing, panel 39: Neuron parts and the synapse.

Dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin, terminals, with the signal direction marked. Then the synapse, where the signal stops being electrical and becomes chemical and then electrical again.

Panel 39Neuron parts and the synapse
Drawing, panel 40: Brain dissection or virtual.

Brain day. The virtual option is right there and nobody has to explain why they took it. I took the specimen and my hands were not steady.

MR. MENDOZA

Take the virtual version. Nobody has to explain themselves for that.

Panel 40Brain dissection or virtual · 2027-03-11
Drawing, panel 41: CNS, PNS, and brain regions.

Sorting five body actions into central and peripheral with a justification for each. Sorting is easy, justifying is where you find out whether you understand it.

Panel 41CNS, PNS, and brain regions · 2027-03-12
Drawing, panel 42: Submit nervous-system evidence.

Neuron diagram, brain map, sorting table.

Panel 42Submit nervous-system evidence

Week 9

MARCH 16 TO 18

Read this week
Drawing, panel 43: Bioethics: drugs and driving.

Should a driver impaired by a legally prescribed medication be treated the same as one impaired by alcohol? They did nothing wrong in obtaining it and the effect on reaction time can be comparable.

Panel 43Bioethics: drugs and driving · 2027-03-16
Drawing, panel 44: Reflex arc and myelin.

Five components: receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector.

Panel 44Reflex arc and myelin
Drawing, panel 45: Reaction-time lab.

Measuring our own reaction times, baseline against a distraction condition, multiple trials each.

Panel 45Reaction-time lab · 2027-03-17
Drawing, panel 46: Drug effects on signaling.

Bar graph of baseline against distraction, with error noted, then a CER about what it means for signaling.

ME

I did not feel any slower. The stopwatch says I was.

Panel 46Drug effects on signaling · 2027-03-18
Drawing, panel 47: Submit reflex evidence.

Reflex arc diagram, reaction time table, comparison graph, CER.

Panel 47Submit reflex evidence
Drawing, panel 48: Chess club.

Chess on Thursday. I am still losing, but I lost slower this time. Somebody watching pointed out that I only look at my own plan and never at what my opponent is setting up.

Panel 48Chess club

Week 10

MARCH 22 TO APRIL 5

Read this week
Drawing, panel 49: Hormone therapy bioethics debate.

Whether a minor can consent to hormone therapy. This was the most careful the room has ever been, and Mr.

Panel 49Hormone therapy bioethics debate · 2027-03-22
Drawing, panel 50: Endocrine glands and signaling.

Four glands minimum on a body diagram with the hormone each releases. The endocrine system is the slow control system, chemical instead of electrical, and it reaches everywhere the blood does.

Panel 50Endocrine glands and signaling · 2027-03-23
Drawing, panel 51: Negative feedback model build.

Insulin and glucagon, both directions. Blood sugar too high, insulin brings it down. Too low, glucagon brings it up. Two opposing loops holding one number steady.

Panel 51Negative feedback model build · 2027-03-24
Drawing, panel 52: Glucose data CER analysis.

Real blood glucose graph data, and a CER claiming whether homeostasis is being maintained. The answer is not in any single reading, it is in whether the value returns to range and how fast.

Panel 52Glucose data CER analysis · 2027-04-05
Drawing, panel 53: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet. The tracker caught a lab report I thought I had uploaded and had not.

Panel 53Submit tracker and evidence

Week 11

APRIL 6 TO 12

Read this week
Drawing, panel 54: Animal research ethics debate.

Using C. elegans, a roundworm about a millimetre long, in research. Does a simpler nervous system change the ethics, and where exactly is the line?

Panel 54Animal research ethics debate · 2027-04-06
Drawing, panel 55: Variables and controls.

Independent, dependent, controlled, labeled on a sample experiment. I have half known this since middle school and never had to be precise about it.

Panel 55Variables and controls · 2027-04-07
Drawing, panel 56: Research design and poster plan.

Teams writing an actual research design: testable question, defined variables, target sample size.

CLASSMATE

Our sample size is optimistic. This paper used four times as many.

Panel 56Research design and poster plan · 2027-04-09
Drawing, panel 57: Literature and design analysis.

Find a credible source, name one strength and one weakness of our design against it. Reading a real paper is hard.

Panel 57Literature and design analysis · 2027-04-12
Drawing, panel 58: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet. I have started doing the audit before the work instead of after, which takes ten minutes and saves an argument.

Panel 58Submit tracker and evidence

Week 12

APRIL 13 TO 16

Read this week
Drawing, panel 59: Heavy-metal exposure debate.

Who is responsible when a community is exposed to heavy metals? The company, the regulator, or the system that let both fail slowly enough that nobody had to decide.

Panel 59Heavy-metal exposure debate · 2027-04-13
Drawing, panel 60: Hypothesis and protocol.

If-then hypothesis, full materials list, step by step procedure. Written so somebody else could run it without asking us a single question, which is the actual test of a protocol.

Panel 60Hypothesis and protocol
Drawing, panel 61: Run the investigation.

Our own design, our own protocol, multiple treatment concentrations. This is the first time all semester the experiment was ours rather than handed to us.

TEAMMATE

We ran that concentration second to last. It had been sitting. Time was a variable and we never controlled it.

Panel 61Run the investigation · 2027-04-15
Drawing, panel 62: Data analysis and limitations.

Dose response claim, two specific data points as evidence, and a limitations section that had to name the timing problem honestly.

Panel 62Data analysis and limitations · 2027-04-16
Drawing, panel 63: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet. Two things missing, both from the week I was out. Making them up is on me, not on him to remind me.

Panel 63Submit tracker and evidence
Drawing, panel 64: Cleveland Clinic onboarding.

My Clinic onboarding cleared. Background check, modules, health requirements, all signed off. Eleven weeks from when I started, which is why he told us to begin in January.

ME

Eleven weeks of paperwork. In the spring I am in an actual hospital with an actual badge.

Panel 64Cleveland Clinic onboarding

Week 13

APRIL 19 TO 22

Read this week
Drawing, panel 65: Heart transplant allocation debate.

Rank the allocation criteria and defend the ranking in one sentence. Medical urgency, likelihood of success, time on the list, age.

Panel 65Heart transplant allocation debate · 2027-04-19
Drawing, panel 66: Heart structure and cycle.

Tracing the blood path from the right atrium all the way through and back. Four chambers, two circuits, valves that only open one way.

Panel 66Heart structure and cycle
Drawing, panel 67: Heart model and EKG.

Real EKG traces, labeling P, QRS and T, and linking each to what the heart is physically doing at that instant.

ME

The right side goes to the lungs. The left side has to reach your foot. That is why the wall is thicker.

Panel 67Heart model and EKG · 2027-04-21
Drawing, panel 68: Cardiac data CER analysis.

Comparing EKG and blood pressure data against normal reference ranges and arguing what it shows.

Panel 68Cardiac data CER analysis · 2027-04-22
Drawing, panel 69: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet. First clean week. Nothing outstanding, and it took less time than the weeks I let pile up.

Panel 69Submit tracker and evidence

Week 14

APRIL 23 TO 28

Read this week
Drawing, panel 70: Ventilator allocation ethics debate.

The same shape as the transplant question and somehow heavier, because a ventilator decision happens in hours rather than months.

Panel 70Ventilator allocation ethics debate · 2027-04-23
Drawing, panel 71: Alveoli and gas exchange.

Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out, both moving by diffusion down their own gradients across a membrane about half a micrometer thick, two flattened cells and their shared basement membrane.

Panel 71Alveoli and gas exchange
Drawing, panel 72: Spirometry lab.

Measuring our own lung volumes. Tidal volume across three trials, then vital capacity.

ME

I did not fully exhale first. That is why trial one was low, not my lungs.

Panel 72Spirometry lab · 2027-04-27
Drawing, panel 73: Spirometry data CER analysis.

A claim about respiratory capacity using my own numbers, compared to predicted values for height and age.

Panel 73Spirometry data CER analysis · 2027-04-28
Drawing, panel 74: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet. The CER from Thursday needed a second pass. I had written the claim and called it done.

Panel 74Submit tracker and evidence

Week 15

APRIL 29 TO MAY 4

Read this week
Drawing, panel 75: Vaccine mandate ethics debate.

Position on vaccine mandates citing one scientific reason, which forced the argument onto ground we could actually check. Herd immunity thresholds are a number, not an opinion.

Panel 75Vaccine mandate ethics debate · 2027-04-29
Drawing, panel 76: Innate and adaptive immunity.

Innate is fast and general, adaptive is slow and specific and remembers. Then the lymphatic system, nodes and vessels labeled.

Panel 76Innate and adaptive immunity
Drawing, panel 77: Immune system modeling.

The lab that moved. Comparing the primary and secondary immune response, with the timing and magnitude difference drawn out.

Panel 77Immune system modeling · 2027-05-03
Drawing, panel 78: Vaccine data CER analysis.

Antibody graph, and a CER about how vaccination produces protection without the illness.

Panel 78Vaccine data CER analysis · 2027-05-04
Drawing, panel 79: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet plus WebXam practice. The practice section is starting to feel less like a chore and more like a score I can move.

Panel 79Submit tracker and evidence
Drawing, panel 80: Research experience.

I did the optional research extra credit on Saturday. A university lab hosted a few of us and a graduate researcher walked us through her actual project.

RESEARCHER

Most of my week is troubleshooting and rerunning things that did not work.

Panel 80Research experience

Week 16

MAY 5 TO 10

Read this week
Drawing, panel 81: Extreme-environment risk debate.

Who is responsible for rescue when someone knowingly enters an extreme environment? Altitude, deep water, remote cold.

Panel 81Extreme-environment risk debate · 2027-05-05
Drawing, panel 82: Pathogen transmission.

Viral replication cycle with the points where an antiviral can intervene. You cannot design a drug without knowing which step you are trying to block.

Panel 82Pathogen transmission
Drawing, panel 83: Plaque assay and eye dissection.

Two labs in one block, and he was blunt that the plaque assay is a simulation.

MR. MENDOZA

Nothing on this bench is infectious. If it were, everything we just practiced would be the difference between a lab and an outbreak.

Panel 83Plaque assay and eye dissection · 2027-05-07
Drawing, panel 84: Antiviral data CER analysis.

Antiviral data. The claim was easy. Finding evidence that survived a second look at the error bars was not.

Panel 84Antiviral data CER analysis · 2027-05-10
Drawing, panel 85: Submit tracker and evidence.

Sunday packet. Eleven weeks in, the folder names are automatic now. I do not think about where anything goes.

Panel 85Submit tracker and evidence

Week 17

MAY 11 TO 14

Read this week
Drawing, panel 86: Dialysis and transplant debate.

The last Monday, and it is the allocation question one more time, now about kidneys. Third time this semester we have argued about who gets a scarce thing.

Panel 86Dialysis and transplant debate · 2027-05-11
Drawing, panel 87: Nephron and filtration.

The nephron in order: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion. The kidney filters almost everything out and then deliberately takes most of it back.

MR. MENDOZA

Filter everything and reclaim what you want. It is easier than removing only what you do not.

Panel 87Nephron and filtration
Drawing, panel 88: Renal and digestive labs.

Urinalysis dipsticks on simulated urine, and an enzyme digestion assay, in one block. Nobody's actual sample goes anywhere near this room.

Panel 88Renal and digestive labs · 2027-05-13
Drawing, panel 89: Patient exhibit synthesis.

The capstone. A patient narrative in one sentence, then three pieces of evidence from different systems across the whole semester that explain what is happening to them.

Panel 89Patient exhibit synthesis · 2027-05-14
Drawing, panel 90: Submit tracker and evidence.

Last packet. I went back through the whole semester of submissions to build the exhibit and found the exact week I started doing this properly.

Panel 90Submit tracker and evidence
Drawing, panel 91: The reason.

I did the optional research extra credit on Saturday. A university lab hosted a few of us and a graduate researcher walked us through her actual project.

Panel 91The reason

Fiction. No real student, family, grade, or conversation appears here. The lessons, labs and dates are the real planned course.