hbs Benchmark 2 (midpoint)

Enter your Student ID and answer each item. This is a check against the WebXam blueprint, not a grade. You will see some of these questions again at the next checkpoint.

1. 1. Osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts:

   AForm cartilage at a jointBBreak down bone tissueCBuild bone even fasterDMake blood cells in marrow

2. 2. A muscle shortens when:

   ACalcium leaves the cytoplasmBMyosin pulls actin toward the centerCThe Z discs move apartDThe filaments each shorten

3. 3. The central nervous system is the:

   ASensory nerves in the skinBNerves out to the limbsCNerves to the organsDBrain and spinal cord

4. 4. At a synapse, the signal crosses mainly by:

   ANeurons fusing into one cellBNeurotransmitters crossing the gapCThe myelin sheath itselfDHormones from the bloodstream

5. 5. After a meal, the pancreas releases insulin, which:

   ADigests sugar in the small intestineBLowers blood glucoseCBlocks glucose from entering cellsDRaises blood glucose

6. 6. Blood returning from the body enters the heart first at the:

   ARight atriumBLeft atriumCRight ventricleDLeft ventricle

7. 7. Gas exchange in the lungs happens across the:

   ABronchiBAlveoliCDiaphragmDPleural membrane

8. 8. "Proximal" means:

   ACloser to the trunkBToward the backCFarther out on the limbDNearer the midline

9. 9. The heart and lungs sit mainly in the:

   ACranial cavityBThoracic cavityCAbdominal cavityDPelvic cavity

10. 10. Which is one of the four basic tissue types?

    ACartilageBCirculatoryCAdiposeDEpithelial

11. 11. An EMG sensor measures:

    AElectrical activity of musclesBJoint angle in degreesCBrain wave activityDMuscle force output

12. 12. Range of motion is measured in:

    ACentimetersBDegreesCRepetitionsDNewtons

13. 13. Steady weekly gains in range of motion suggest the rehab plan is:

    AToo demanding, so scale backBProof the injury is healedCFailing to build motionDWorking and can progress

14. 14. Each clear plaque on a cell lawn represents:

    AA zone cleared by antibioticBAn area where virus killed cellsCA colony of bacteriaDA spot of uneven stain

15. 15. Gel electrophoresis separates molecules mainly by:

    ASize and charge of the moleculeBWhich lane the sample was loaded intoCHow much sample was loaded into the wellDHow well the molecule dissolves in the buffer

16. 16. A control group in a study provides:

    AA baseline for comparisonBThe changed variableCA repeat trial for reliabilityDThe group given the treatment

17. 17. An untreated plate grows 100 plaques. A plate of the same virus stock treated with a drug grows 12. This best supports the claim that:

    AThe drug killed the bacteria growing on the plateBThe drug cured the patient the sample came fromCThe drug lowered the amount of infectious virusDThe drug is 12 percent effective on this virus

18. 18. A team plates three dilutions of one phage stock. One plate is completely cleared, the next shows 62 plaques, and the most dilute shows 3. For the titer they should count:

    AThe cleared plate, where the most virus landedBThe plate with 3 plaques, the clearest to readCAll three plates, averaged into one countDThe plate with 62 plaques, counted on its own

19. 19. On a PKD gel the disease allele runs at 300 base pairs and the normal allele at 500. A patient's lane shows a band at 300 and a band at 500. The patient carries:

    ATwo copies of the disease alleleBTwice as much DNA as a single-band laneCOne copy of each of the two allelesDTwo copies of the normal allele

20. 20. A gloved finger touches the agar, and the plate is closed again. The likely result is:

    ANothing grows there, since the gloves are sterileBThe spot grows the same microbe as the plateCMicrobes from the glove grow where it touchedDFlaming the loop afterward clears the spot

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