HBS CFA: Units 3-4 — Cardio, Immune & Renal

A short unit check. Enter your Student ID and answer each item. This is a growth check, not a grade.

1. 1. Blood returning from the body enters the heart first at the:

   ARight atriumBLeft ventricleCAortaDLeft atrium

2. 2. Gas exchange in the lungs happens across the:

   AAlveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuseBStomach liningCLarge bonesDSkin only

3. 3. Innate immunity differs from adaptive immunity because innate defenses are:

   AGeneral and fast, present from birthBSpecific to one pathogen and slow to buildCOnly made by vaccinesDThe same as bones

4. 4. In a plaque assay, each clear plaque on the cell lawn represents:

   AAn area where virus killed the cellsBA healthy growing colony of cellsCA drop of dyeDA bone fragment

5. 5. The nephron's main job in the kidney is to:

   AFilter blood and form urineBPump blood to the lungsCProduce insulinDStore memories

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