Clue 1: Orient yourself
What is visibly missing at the seam?
Use the labels and the picture's left-to-right, near-to-far, or before-and-after order. Name only what you can point to.
The question
What is visibly missing at the seam?
Why it matters: Structure affects feeding, breathing, hearing, speech, teeth, and surgical planning. Care teams need to connect the exact structure to the function a child is using every day. Today you practice the professional reasoning behind that work: A cleft is not only a visible gap; it also redirects muscles and changes the forces they produce.
On your WebXam
Identifying the deeper muscle problem in a cleft beyond the visible gap
For life
Having a gene is not the same as using it.
Principle: Having it is not using it
Five principles we return to
Having it is not using it
Same instructions, different switches
Same look, different cause
Change one thing and watch
Boss or doorman?
Decides the result or only allows it
Held down, not gone
Remove the brake and it returns
Many roads, one ending
One result can begin many ways
Try the everyday version first
A torn tent seam changes both the opening and the pull of its ropes
A tent seam joins fabric while nearby ropes control shape and tension. A tear can create an opening and redirect how the remaining ropes pull.
Do not jump to the biology yet. Treat the picture as a small system. Track its parts, follow one change at a time, and keep more than one explanation open until the picture supplies a way to separate them.
Clue 2: Trace one change
Where do the ropes pull after the tear?
Follow one object, stage, or path. Point to the first place where the situation changes instead of jumping to the ending.
Clue 3: Keep the cause open
Why would closing only the fabric leave the force problem?
List more than one explanation that still fits. Name the extra observation that would help you separate those possibilities.
Now inspect the illustration
Work from the visible evidence. A useful answer names the part of the picture that supports it and leaves unknown causes open.
- 1What is visibly missing at the seam?
- 2Where do the ropes pull after the tear?
- 3Why would closing only the fabric leave the force problem?
Tier 1 check
Finish with the everyday model
Use the everyday picture to answer today's question in plain words: What is visibly missing at the seam?
You can complete today's required check without opening the technical details below.
Ready for the real names? Optional tier 2
Technical rules and limits
Rule 1: Identify the tissue discontinuity.
Rule 2: Trace displaced attachments on both sides.
Rule 3: Repair must restore geometry and force direction.
Where the analogy stops: Cleft anatomy results from development and tissue patterning, not from a post-construction tear.
Carry the previous idea forward
Muscle function depends on fiber direction, attachment, and continuity, not merely on muscle presence.
Today's technical takeaway
A cleft is not only a visible gap; it also redirects muscles and changes the forces they produce.
Now map the same rules onto biology
Compare normal and cleft muscle paths
Open seam
Cleft gap
Redirected ropes
Displaced muscle insertion
Uneven pull
Asymmetric lip and palatal motion
Educational illustration, not a clinical photograph, scan, or surgical plan. Use the labeled evidence cards and claim ceiling.
Mateo's case file: evidence supplied in this lesson
ANA03-E1
Mateo's left lip, alveolus, and palate are discontinuous in the composite examination.
Why it matters: The cleft crosses skin, muscle, bone, and mucosa.
ANA03-E2
Orbicularis fibers insert along the cleft margins rather than completing a ring.
Why it matters: The lip pulls asymmetrically.
ANA03-E3
Levator fibers run more front-to-back and attach abnormally near the posterior hard palate.
Why it matters: The soft-palate sling is not normally oriented.
Make the clinical decision
You are marking the preoperative anatomy.
The proposed plan says only close the skin and mucosa because both muscles are present.
AReject it and require muscle identification and reconstruction.
BApprove it because the visible gap is the only defect.
CRemove all muscle tissue before closure.
Choose the plan and cite one lip finding plus one palate finding.
Evidence required
ANA03-E1 + ANA03-E2 Claim ceiling
You may describe the supplied structural displacement. You may not choose a specific surgical technique yet.Go deeper Optional tier 3
Everything required for today is above. Open these only if you want the explainer, source trail, or download files.
The everyday model and Tier 1 check are the complete required path for this lesson.
Use these checks to keep your place. They are not turned in through the portal.
Check off as you finish
- Worked through the everyday picture and answered its three questions.
- Completed the Tier 1 check in plain words.
Turn in: Anatomical lesson 3: The Anatomy of the Cleft, What Is Actually Interrupted
Go to Schoology to turn this in.
Submit one PDF. Put your first and last name in the document header. Name the file: FirstName LastName - Assignment Title - YYYY-MM-DD.pdf.
Open Schoology PDF upload helpIf you cannot get in, see Mr. Mendoza. Do not skip the work.
Optional legacy technical materials Open only if you want the original notes, vocabulary, artifact, and CER work
Before this page, you should know
- The is a , a continuous ring of muscle around the mouth that crosses the to seal the lips.
- The is paired; the left and right fibers join in the to form a sling across the soft .
If not, review
Today's new idea is only
A is a gap plus ; the muscles do not just stop, they insert in the wrong place and pull the wrong way.
Goal: Explain that a is a gap where failed to join, and that the muscles insert abnormally and pull the wrong way (displaced in the lip, displaced in the ).
Know by the end
- A is a gap left where tissues that should have joined during development did not (a failure of ).
- In a lip the ring is interrupted and its fibers run up the cleft margins instead of crossing the .
- In a the fails to form its sling and inserts onto the back of the .
- There is an open , a connection between the mouth and the nose, along the gap.
1
What a cleft is
Model start: A is a gap where that should have joined during development did not; the joining process is called , so a cleft is a failure of fusion.
- The developmental joining of separate blocks is called ____.
- Along the gap there is an open ____ communication, a connection between mouth and nose.
2
The displaced muscles
- In the lip, the ring is interrupted and its fibers run up the margins instead of crossing the ____.
- In the , the levator fails to form its sling and inserts abnormally onto the back of the ____ palate.
3
The big idea
- A is a gap PLUS ____ muscle, which is why a good repair is not just closing skin.
Everything you need for today is on this page. These links are optional.
What to read
Read the short plain-language explanation written for this lesson. Plain-language explainer for this lesson
Why this source matters
This explanation gives you the background for today's idea without making you decode a research paper: A is a gap plus ; the muscles do not just stop, they insert in the wrong place and pull the wrong way.
Words to unlock first
Reading moves
- Skim the title and abstract first to get the gist.
- Circle the one sentence that states the main claim.
- Box the evidence the authors give for that claim.
- Mark one sentence that confuses you, and move on.
Stop point
Stop after the final 'Use it now' section. The research citations are available separately for advanced readers.
Your output
Write one claim-evidence sentence: state the main idea, then name the example or evidence that supports it.
Where this fits
Tested on (Ohio WebXam)
Genetics of Disease · 072130
PLTW lesson
MI · Anatomical domain · Muscular system and head/neck anatomy under abnormal conditions
WebXam domain
Molecular and Genetic Technology
Evidence to produce
Make a two-column "Normal vs Mateo" chart for the orbicularis oris and the levator veli palatini. For each muscle, write (1) the normal direction and continuity from Lesson 2 and (2) what happens to it in a cleft. End with one sentence: why must repair fix the muscle, not just the skin?
Lab / skill
Human Body Systems (HBS) · Principles of Biomedical Science (PBS)
Everything required for today's decision is already in the case file and plain-language explainer. The links below are original papers and database records for teachers and advanced readers, not assigned student reading.
How this is graded (rubric)
For: Make a two-column "Normal vs Mateo" chart for the orbicularis oris and the levator veli palatini. For each muscle, write (1) the normal direction and continuity from Lesson 2 and (2) what happens to it in a cleft. End with one sentence: why must repair fix the muscle, not just the skin?
| Criterion | Proficient | Developing | Beginning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complete | Every required part of the artifact is present and filled in. | Most parts are present, but one is missing or left blank. | Several parts are missing. |
| Accurate | The science and data are correct and match the evidence. | Mostly correct, with a small factual slip. | Key science or data is wrong. |
| Scientific reasoning (CER) | States a claim, backs it with specific evidence, and explains the reasoning. | Has a claim and evidence, but the reasoning is thin or missing. | Gives an answer with no evidence or reasoning. |
| Professional communication | Clear, organized, and labeled the way a clinician or scientist would write it. | Readable but disorganized or missing labels. | Hard to follow. |
| Submitted | Turned in through the route named under Submit here and confirmed. | Turned in, but in the wrong place or unconfirmed. | Not turned in. |
How the model answer scores against this rubric
- CompleteProficient: Nothing is left blank: the model fills every part of "Make a two-column "Normal vs Mateo" chart for the orbicularis oris and the levator veli palatini. For each muscle, write (1) the normal direction and continuity from Lesson 2 and (2) what happens to it in a cleft. End with one sentence: why must repair fix the muscle, not just the skin?".
- AccurateProficient: Every number and claim matches the case evidence.
- Scientific reasoning (CER)Proficient: It names a claim, cites the specific evidence, and explains the reasoning, not just the answer.
- Professional communicationProficient: It is organized and labeled like a real chart note.
- SubmittedProficient: It would be attached to your class form or handed in, and confirmed.
What's next: We know exactly what is interrupted in Mateo and that the muscles are displaced. But we keep describing his in long sentences. How do surgeons describe a cleft precisely and briefly enough that any team in the world knows exactly what they mean? We chase that next time.