John Hay Biomedical · Research Simulation

One Cell Becomes a Human

Follow a single cell as it builds a whole body. Each panel names the force doing the most work at that step. The pictures are schematic diagrams, not photographs.

The six forces Growth Differentiation Communication Building Breakdown Sculpting by cell death
01

Zygote

Day 0 to 1
Growth by division

One cell holds the whole plan.

02

Cleavage to blastocyst

Days 2 to 6
DivisionFirst differentiationFirst cell death

Cells divide but the ball does not grow yet. The first cells specialize, and the first cells die (quality-control death in the inner cell mass).

03

Implantation to gastrulation

Weeks 2 to 3
Communication

Signals build the three layers of the body. True growth finally begins.

04

Neurulation and organogenesis

Weeks 3 to 8
CommunicationBuildingSculpting

Signals draw the body plan. The neural tube folds shut, mostly by cells squeezing and folding, and the hand begins to be carved.

05

One plan, many organs

Weeks 4 to 8
heart brain bone, limb skin, face
DifferentiationCommunication

The same genome branches at once into heart, brain, skin, bone, limb, and face. Each cell reads the same signals differently.

06

The hand (spotlight)

Weeks 6 to 8
Sculpting by cell death

Fingers appear because the cells between them die. Ducks keep their webbing by switching that death off.

07

Tissue and organ maturation

Week 9 onward
BuildingBreakdown

Matrix is built by dehydration synthesis and reshaped by hydrolysis. Building and breaking are partners.

08

Fetal growth to birth

Months 4 to 9
Growth returns

Now the body truly scales up, adding cells and size until birth.

John Hay Biomedical Six forces build a body. The same six, broken, cause cancer. Go Hornets.

These are schematic diagrams that teach the idea. Real tissue photographs of each stage, in mouse and human, are a planned next step and will be added only from openly licensed sources, credited, and cleared before posting. No tissue image is ever generated or faked.